 | Rolling Stock & Locomotives Books Published |  |
| Rolling Stock & Locomotives Books Published | |
| British Air Braked Stock Vol. 3 | Cheona | |||
| Tom Smith | £9.95 | 64 pages | Softback | 2004 |
| An all colour album of photographs printed on to decent quality art paper and covering china clay, calcium carbonate, chemical, carbon dioxide, petroleum and water tank wagons. Essential reference for modern image modelling, living in a fairly "freight-free" area railwaywise I am surprised to see that so much variety still exists or existed until very recently. | ||||
| British Railway Coaching Stock in Colour Since 1960 | Ian Allan | |||
| Robert Hendry | £14.99 | 96 pages | Softback | 2006 |
| A bit of a curates egg this book, but at least it's all in colour! Nominally a sequel to the same author's earlier book covering the same subject from the earliest years, this is a strange collection which ranges from a very few shots of pre-nationalisation coaching stock in BR use through to very many shots of mostly multiple unit stock of all persuasions in BR but mostly post BR sectorised and privatised colours. I guess it is the recent history that is this book's strength, the shots are I think all the author's or his late fathers so captions are at least detailed, although relevant details are too often buried amongst excessive verbiage. Sorry to carp but I think this particular franchise has come to the end of the line, this book is OK. | ||||
| British Railway First Generation DMUs in Colour | Ian Allan | |||
| Stuart Mackay | £14.99 | 96 pages | Softback | 2006 |
| A really first class and logical account and description of all of the "classic" DMUs that were built for British Railways, fully illustrated throughout with excellent colour photographs. Although these units survived into the era of sectorisation, the illustrations are predominantly of "proper" BR liveries with a good proportion of the first liveries applied. The subtle changes in both livery detail and vehicle specifications are very well explained and illustrated with much use being made of the excellent "Colour Rail" resource. There are some really atmospheric shots in this book, apersonal favourites are a Class 120 running as a "power twin" through Barnstaple Town and a blue liveried Class 108 running through Weekday Cross Junction on the old GC in Nottingham. This is a really good book and with the bonus of being written by someone who really does know his subject properly- highly recommended. | ||||
| Coronation Scot | Edward Talbot | |||
| Edward Talbot | £15.00 | 102 pages | Softback | 2008 |
| A very wecome reprint in softback format of a stylish book recording in words and pictures the brief but spectacular era of streamlined trains on the LMS. The author went to great lengths to include really excellent photographs, locomotive portraits and details, carriages (exteriors and interiors), the American tour, and views of construction, and produced a singular and very appealing book. There are also striking paintings of the trains reproduced in full colour together with its stylish publicity material all of which is printed on to quality art paper. An unusually captivating railway book which I am still very tempted to add to my collection, despite its having nothing to do with the Somerset and Dorset or light railways - highly recommended. | ||||
| First Generation DMUs | Ian Allan | |||
| Kevin Robertson | £12.99 | 80 pages | Softback | 2004 |
| A pictorial album covering all types of traditional DMUs from the prototypes and four wheel railbuses to the stylish class 123 Swindon Inter City units. Very nearly all the pictures are in the pre rail blue era and illustrate very well the huge variety of work that the humble DMU performed. I was ever so slightly disappointed with the presentation of the photographs, a combination of a smallish format and loss of composition through cropping perhaps, but this is nonetheless a very attractive book. Some of the locations shown no longer have a railway service and of course all the vehicles themselves are now withdrawn. The cover photograph is one of the best shots of a Gloucester single unit that I have ever seen, in full colour it shows token exchange at Bromyard Junction outside Worcester in 1963 - I want to go back there! | ||||
| First Generation DMUs in East Anglia | Ian Allan | |||
| John Brodribb | £12.99 | 80 pages | Softback | 2006 |
| DMUs were introduced quite early in East Anglia, and the resulting improved loadings resulted in a number of local lines and services surviving the Beeching axe, only to succumb a few years later. This is a very pleasing black and white album of interesting photographs which are arranged on a line by line basis in a logical route order. | ||||
| Great North Of Scotland Railway Carriages | Lightmoor Press | |||
| Keith Fenwick | £19.95 | 148 pages | Hardback | 2009 |
| The relatively small size of GNoSR coupled with the survival of many of its drawings at its works in Inverurie has meant that this single volume is both comprehensive and superbly illustrated. The need for thrift led to the company somewhat lagging behind its contemporaries although several of its more modern designs saw more than a few yeards in BR service. These two factors make this book a real joy, comprehensive drawings and details of carriage construction from its earliest days, complemented by a large number of good photographs, including some (astonishingly good) examples of preservation. This book has appeal way beyond the adherents of this specific company - a superb bit of work. | ||||
| Great Western Steam Rail Motors and their Services | Wild Swan | |||
| John Lewis | £37.95 | 308 pages | Hardback | 2004 |
| Chapter and verse on the subject, everything from detailed scale drawings of fittings and complete vehicles of all types through to allocations, services and even failures. The whole story from initial development is covered, as are the vehicles of the Great Western's constituent Welsh companies - the small petrol electric railcar also creeps in with its own small section, but everything else is steam. The collection of photographs reproduced is unimpeachable, showing the power plants, vehicles under construction, interior shots and of course the railcars in service. A personal favourite is the double page photograph on pages 34 and 35 showing several steam railmotors and a power plant outside the Works at Swindon whilst it is being extended. A really lovely book and as good an example of any of how very well organised the Great Western Railway was. As an aside I am afraid that I find Swindon a terribly depressing place since the works was demolished and I also wish that the execrable First Group would give up the "Great Western" title - they are not worthy of it. | ||||
| GWR Wagons Before 1948 Vol. 2 | Cheona | |||
| R.Tourret | £10.95 | 64 pages | Softback | 2009 |
| Covering diagrams S fish wagons through to diagrams AA (toads) and DD (tank wagons). Broadly speaking, this is all the vans and cattle wagons, covered by photographs with (mostly) extended descriptive captions. As before, photographs cover the vehicles both in company service and in preservation and there are additional pieces on GWR wagon livery and the distinctive "Toad" brake van. | ||||
| An Illustrated history of Southern Pull-Push Stock | OPC | |||
| Mike King | £29.99 | 160 pages | Hardback | 2006 |
| At the same time that the Great Western Railway were developing their signature autocoach designs, the Southern Railway was involved in a similar program of converting and building passenger stock for branch line push pull operation. In this well produced and comprehensively illustrated book Southern "authority" Mike King gives a comprehensive account of the development of Southern push pull stock from its earliest origins, covering the routes on which it was used, operational aspects and full details of the actual rolling stock, including the parcels vans which were especially adapted. One slight criticism, the scale drawings are drawn with quite a heavy line which does not facilitate their enlargement into larger scales. | ||||
| Industrial Wagons An Introduction | Industrial Railway Society | |||
| David Monk Steel | £12.00 | 100 pages | Softback | 2005 |
| This book describes and illustrates some of the many types of industrial railway rolling stock that could be seen in Britain from the 1960s up until the present day. Each wagon has a clear photograph which provides enough information for modelling purposes, the wheels underframe and details of brake gear showing in nearly all cases. There are also several scale drawings included and it is fair to say that these cover more unusual wagon types that will have received less coverage in the past. They include two varieties of side tipping wagons, a Hudson tipper, several hopper types including a 10ton wooden "North Eastern" type and several fairly exotic steel industry wagon types. The book also includes a description of the industries still using rail transport at this relatively late stage together with a list of sites and the current status of their operations in an appendix. | ||||
| Lancashire and Yorkshire Wagons Volume Two | Wild Swan | |||
| Noel Coates | £35.95 | 454 pages | Hardback | 2006 |
| Following on from volume one, with consecutively numberd photographs and diagrams, this book completes the account with a detailed examination of covered goods, coal and mineral, bogie merchandise, livestock and special wagons - including the essential brake van. Very well illustrated with informative photographs and official drawings, the book also deals with the use of wagons and their loads, several photographs showing the great bales of cotton used by the numeroust mills served by the company. An excellent reference source and another fascinating insight into how well commerce and industry were served by the steam railway. | ||||
| LMS Loco Profiles No 11 The "Coronation" Class | Wild Swan | |||
| David Hunt, John Jennison, Bob Meanley, Fred James & Bob Essery | £24.95 | 174 pages | Softback | 2008 |
| Chapter and Verse on Stanier's magnificent machine, from development through manufacturing to operation and in service alterations, right down to an appendix of individual records for each class member. In addition to excellent photographic content this book contains a series of clearly reproduced works drawings covering all aspects of the locomotives, including full details of their streamlined incarnations. I do not think this collection of information will ever be bettered, an unimpeachable source of reference for would be model makers. | ||||
| LMS Loco Profiles No. 12 The Diesel Electric Shunters | Wild Swan | |||
| David Hunt and John Jennison | £19.95 | 122 pages | Softback | 2009 |
| A very full description of the origins, development and technical details of the diesel shunting units that the LMS pioneered before the war and which went on to provide the basis for the 950 plus standard diesel shunters of British Railways. Both jackshaft and twin motored varieties are fully covered, comprehensive photographic coverage and numerous plans and scale drawings included. | ||||
| LMS Wagons Volume 1 | Noodle Books | |||
| R.J. Essery | £19.95 | 180 pages | Softback | 2010 |
| A very welcome reprint of one of the OPC "standard works" that so changed the face of railway publishing thirty odd years ago. This has been a consistently hard to find title second hand and contains detailed information on the brake vans, vans and open wagons that formed the backbone of freight operations on the steam railway. The drawings, all reproduced to 4mm scale, are taken from diagram books and so generally show details of bodywork but not underframe detail but the photograhic coverage of each type is very well done. This doesn't match the quality current generation of wagon books by Wild Swan, or example, but is nonetheless an invaluable source for modellers and those interested in the subject and well worth the cover price. | ||||
| LNER Wagons Volume 1 LNER Southern Area | Wild Swan | |||
| Peter Tatlow | £34.95 | 248 pages | Hardback | 2005 |
| Although based upon the OPC book of 30 years ago, this is the first part of what is promised to be a four part set covering all of the wagons of the LNER. It is therefore a revised updated and much enlarged piece of work which bears little resemblance to the earlier work. This book covers ex Great Northern, Great Central and Great Eastern wagons, detailed photographs of good quality, scale drawings and numbering details. | ||||
| LNER Wagons Volume 2 North-Eastern Area | Wild Swan | |||
| Peter Tatlow | £33.95 | 204 pages | Hardback | 2007 |
| The second part of a series, this volume covering the wagon stock of the Hull and Barnsley, North Eastern and Midland and Great Northern Railways. As before, detailed photographs of good quality, scale drawings and numbering details. Part 1 (still available) contained general design developments together with wagons of the Great Northern, Great Central and Great Eastern Railways. Another superlative work of reference from Wild Swan. | ||||
| LNER Wagons Volume 3 Scottish Area | Wild Swan | |||
| Peter Tatlow | £33.95 | 186 pages | Hardback | 2009 |
| In the same format and level of detail as the earlier volumes, this book covers the wagon designs of the North British and Great North of Scotland Railways. These were both highly individual companies and had some quite unique looking stock, much of which disappeared from the rails a very long time ago, which makes the level of detail and photographic coverage in this book all the more impressive. Full scale drawings, details of diagram numbers and some wagon numbering and brake van allocations are also included. | ||||
| London Underground Rolling Stock | Ian Allan | |||
| John Glover | £16.99 | 96 pages | Softback | 2010 |
| An attractive all colour compilation of the fantastic variety of stock that has operated on the London "underground" network since colour photography became commonplace up until the present day. Broadly laid out on chronological lines the book manages to cover service stock, including a bit of steam at the beginning, and the two varieties of stock to see further use on the Isle of Wight. All in all a great collection and a vindication, I think, of the much better "graphic quality" of the paint schemes on the underground than the arrogantly applied, over vinyled and generally foul "liveries" of stock on the main network. | ||||
| LSWR Carriages Vol. 3 Non-Passenger Coaching Stock | Kestrel Railway Books | |||
| G.R. Weddell | £25.00 | 176 pages | Hardback | 2005 |
| A well produced and illustrated large format book describing the wide range of non passenger carrying coaching stock of the LSWR. Complete with 58 scale drawings at 4mm scale this is a wonderful source for model making but also gives a fascinating insight into the diversity of traffic and complexity of operation of the LSWR. Each vehicle's history includes building, renumbering and disposal dates. | ||||
| LSWR Carriages Volume 4 | Kestrel Railway Books | |||
| G R Weddell | £25.00 | 160 pages | Hardback | 2006 |
| Subtitled goods, departmental stock and miscellany, this fourth volume of Gordon's peripatetic masterwork perversely avoids any coverage of carriages, the subject having been comprehensively covered in volumes 1 to 3. Instead it mops up the subject of LSWR rolling stock with a detailed and well illustrated account of earlier goods stock and the more exotic vehicles such as gas holders and cranes whilst a final chapter covers odd minutiae such as buffer stops, Pooley vans and platform barrows. This is an excellent reference work for modellers and devotees of the early railway scene, with clear photographs and good scale drawings. An especially pleasing feature is that the subjects have been chosen to complement the coverage of LSWR wagons given in the OPC publication Southern Wagons Volume 1. | ||||
| Private Owner Wagons A Fifth Collection | Lightmoor Press | |||
| Keith Turton | £19.95 | 184 pages | Hardback | 2006 |
| A fifth volume of a deservedly popular series, this one returns to presenting a general range of wagons and their operators based upon material which readers of the earlier boks in the series have provided. Over 60 operators represented by 170 photographs, with northern coal wagons predominating. There are also some additional notes and photos relating to earlier volumes in the series. | ||||
| Private Owner Wagons A Fourth Collection Welsh Anthracite | Lightmoor Press | |||
| Keith Turton | £19.95 | 184 pages | Hardback | 2005 |
| Anthracite "The King of Coals", a high carbon content, slow burning coal whose lack of arsenic and other impurities made it an essential supply for brewing, malting and food production. Mined in a small area of South Wales, the usually black wagons of anthracite were consequently seen all over the British railway system, often as a single truck consignment to out of the way places. The photographic coverage is excellent, a charming view on p71 shows a single wagon being unloaded on the Sheppey Light Railway whilst the frontispiece is a dramatic view of number taking which shows in incomparable detail the construction and lettering of a typical wagon. I am currently building a Slaters kit which will be lettered with their "Ystradgynlais" transfers for the boiler house of the "National Fruit and Cider Institute" at Butleigh station. | ||||
| Private Owner Wagons A Second Collection | Lightmoor Press | |||
| Keith Turton | £14.99 | 128 pages | Hardback | 2004 |
| Following on from the hugely successful first collection, this second book contains details of 65 wagon owners together with details of their business interests and wagon purchases. The whole is illustrated with over 270 photographs, all of which are interesting and quite a few of which are really very good. Separate sections also look at the formation of Wagon Repairs Ltd and the processes used in getting coal from the colliery to the coalyard and even the customer's coal cellar, the very best of which must be the superb picture on the cover. This is a terrific book, a third volume is promised! | ||||
| Private Owner Wagons A Seventh Collection | Lightmoor Press | |||
| Keith Turton | £19.95 | 160 pages | Hardback | 2008 |
| Another in the very successful series established by Keith Turton, pretty much more of the same formula and just as visually appealing and historically fascinating as ever. There are a good number of specialist wagons depicted, including several tank wagons and an unusual low steel bodied open for the Scatter Rock Quarries of Christow. The glimpses of lost industry provided by the images in this book look increasingly like life on another planet to these 21st Century eyes, favourite amongst these must be Stanley Colliery yard in 1940 on page 71. This is another great book in a deservedly popular series. | ||||
| Private Owner Wagons A Third Collection | Lightmoor Press | |||
| Keith Turton | £14.99 | 128 pages | Hardback | 2004 |
| Uniform with the earlier two volumes, this third collection is another well presented treasure chest of information and images of the once ubiquitous private owner wagon. As the author notes, contributions of photographs and information from readers of the first two volumes have added to the breadth of illustration and history presented in this volume. Additional sections discuss the use of wagons as advertisements for their builders, scrapping the wagons and a useful discussion of how one might deploy private owner wagons convincingly in a model railway context. | ||||
| Private Owner Wagons An Eighth Collection | Lightmoor Press | |||
| Keith Turton | £19.95 | 168 pages | Hardback | 2009 |
| Enlivened by the opening up of further archives and photographic collections on the subject, this latest volume is easily on a par with the best of those produced so far. In this volume there appear several salt wagons with a low arc roof rather than the normal "peaked" tops and various small stone wagons that operated on the Shropshire and Montgomery, amongst much else. | ||||
| Private Owner Wagons of Bristol and District | Lightmoor Press | |||
| Ian Pope | £18.00 | 128 pages | Hardback | 2009 |
| The City of Bristol has had a long industrial history so the wagons featured in this absorbing book cover a number of industries beyond the usual plethora of coal merchants. Most notable amongst these are the chemical industries that grew up at Avonmouth and tank wagons of all shapes and sizes are consequently well featured. As ever with this series and publisher, brief notes are as far as possible given for each owner and there are undoubtedly a few photographic gems within the covers of this book. | ||||
| Private Owner Wagons of Gloucestershire | Lightmoor Press | |||
| Ian Pope | £21.99 | 240 pages | Hardback | 2006 |
| Covering the private owner wagons operated by businesses and coal merchants north of Bristol, this terrific book takes us on a logical tour around the county along its various railway routes, starting from the city of Gloucester. Owners include the Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon works itself, the Corporation and even a beehive manufacturer, amongst many others. The illustrations are very well reproduced and alongside the wagons themselves reveal fascinating details of businesses, their premises and railway infrastructure. A further volume is being prepared for South Gloucestershire. | ||||
| Pullman Pride | Noodle Books | |||
| John Morris and Antony Ford | £17.95 | 92 pages | Softback | 2007 |
| A collection of fascinating photographs from the archive of the company secretary of the Pullman Car Company. They cover many aspects of the Pullman coach in Britain, from the earlier days through to the Met Cammell cars built for the East Coat main line in 1960. There are some very good interior views, and towards the end of the book a fascinating series of photos depicting various celebrities (including Tony Hancock), the whole culminating in a small colour section. I must admit that I am a bit disappointed with some of the photographs, I can't believe the originals weren't of better quality and also some of the captions are a bit sparse, although this was probably unavoidable given the nature of the photographic collection. That said I recommend it heartily to Pullman fans of all persuasions who will I think find it very interesting. | ||||
| Pullman Trains in Britain | Oakwood | |||
| R.W.Kidner | £8.95 | 112 pages | Hardback | 2005 |
| A straight reprint of the very popular 1998 book, a well illustrated and well written book that more than any other to date makes sense of the very complicated Pullman story. Although the "Blue Pullman" and late build Metro Cammell stock is touched upon, the book's strength is the history of the earlier build "traditiional" types, which is brought up to date for the incredibly high number of survivors used by VSOE and preserved railways. An interesting story and a useful lliterary accessory for the beautiful new pullman models now being produced by Hornby and Bachmann in 4mm scale. | ||||
| The Railway Products of Baguley Drewry and its Predecessors. | Industrial Railway Society | |||
| Allen Civil and Roy Etherington | £29.99 | 372 pages | Hardback | 2008 |
| Once in a while the Industrial Railway Society excel themselves by producing an exceptionally good book - this is one of them. The story of two companies, their relationship to one another, and the very many products that they produced. Complete with works lists and comprehensive historical details, as we have come to expect from the IRS, it is the quality of presentation coupled with the detailed photographs of the distinctive and often quirky products of particularly Baguley that set this book apart. Although there are no scale drawings of stock, the information given together with very detailed photographs will make modelling many of these vehicles easier than ever before. Modelling apart it is a fascinating account of a distinctive part of the once great British engineering industry. Produced in a large format and with 370 odd pages on quality art paper this is also very good value, in my opinion. | ||||
| Red Panniers Last Steam on The Underground | Lightmoor Press | |||
| John Scott Morgan and Kirk Martin | £27.00 | 176 pages | Hardback | 2008 |
| Featuring many previously unpublished photographs, many of them in full colour and enlivened by some very good writing and memories from the men who worked with them, this is the story of the 13 ex GWR "Pannier Tanks" that went to London Transport between 1957 and 1971. Briefly covering the Panniers' origins and earlier LT steam operations, this is an absolutely glorious celebration of its subject. The photography is phenomenal, both in its quality and coverage, and the writing is equally interesting - covering many aspects of the locos, their LT operations and not ignoring the human side of things. This is one of my favourite railway books of all time and is a real credit to its publisher, Kirk Martin, Geoff Plumb, and all the other names that helped put it together. | ||||
| SE&CR Carriages | Lightmoor Press | |||
| Phil Countache | £19.95 | 128 pages | Hardback | 2007 |
| A collection of 50 types of bogie carriages, complete with photographs, 4mm scale plans and details of build dates, number sequences and histories. The whole is put together by an acknowledged authority on the subject and the quality of both the scale drawings and photographs is excellent. Towards the end of the book there are detailed drawings of bogies, panelling and coach ends, in addition to a tantalisingly brief look at Ashford Works where the carriages were mostly built. As an aside to the subject, the book contains some very nice pre grouping views of a railway that doesn't appear in print too often. | ||||
| Slam Doors On The Southern | Capital | |||
| Michael Welch | £16.95 | 112 pages | Hardback | 2005 |
| Published to commemorate the withdrawal of traditional slam door stock on the Southern, this is another very well printed and pleasing all colour album of electric units. The pictures are predominantly of more modern times although there is still a strong showing for earlier periods, including some extremely good vintage shots towards the beginning of the book. A worthy addition to the library of anyone who harbours a soft spot for Southern Electrics of any era. | ||||
| Southern DEMUs | Capital | |||
| Michael Welch | £16.95 | 96 pages | Hardback | 2005 |
| Uniform in size and style with the earlier Southern Electic Album, this is another selection of fine all colour photographs but this time of the Southern Region's distinctive DMU. After a detailed description of the different classes of unit and their service lives, the book is organised on a route by route basis. In addition to showing the units themselves the book contains some really interesting photographs of locations and infrastructure all photographs being knowledgably and intelligently captioned. The eras covered extend right up to recent times and liveries although the coverage is still predominantly "traditional" split 50/50 between Green and Blue eras. | ||||
| Wagons of the Early British Rail Era | Kestrel Railway Books | |||
| David Larkin | £14.00 | 88 pages | Softback | 2009 |
| Covering the British Rail era from 1969 which saw the introduction of TOPS, the air braked "speedlink" network and the last throes of modifications to the ageing traditional wagon stock, many of which staggered on incredibly late in the day. | ||||
| Wagons of the Early British Railways Era | Kestrel Railway Books | |||
| David Larkin | £13.00 | 88 pages | Softback | 2006 |
| Subtitled a pictorial study of the 1948-1954 period, this is a detailed account including lot numbers, running numbers and even some specific traffic allocation information. David Larkin's own photographs are supplemented by those of others who were photographing wagons earlier than he, including Don Rowland and Roye England of Pendon fame. Pooled private owner and non pooled specialist private owner wagons and their descendant wagons are not included. This is an essential reference book for any modeller who wants to get their wagonry right and understand fully the pre modernisation plan freight scene on BR. | ||||
| Wagons of the Final Years of British Railways | Kestrel Railway Books | |||
| David Larkin | £14.00 | 88 pages | Softback | 2008 |
| The author continues the story of freight wagon development in the same style as in the earlier volumes in this series, here covering the last few years of the building of traditional vacuum braked stock. By 1962 most of the wagons envisaged by the modernisation plan had been completed and much of what was produced was rebuilding and updating of earlier designs, together with a few specialist designs and attempts to adapt rail freight to more modern modes of materials handling. A doomed effort in most cases. | ||||
| Wagons of the Middle British Railways Era | Kestrel Railway Books | |||
| David Larkin | £14.00 | 88 pages | Softback | 2007 |
| Covering the period from 1955 to 1961, this is a detailed examination of the wagons being built by BR complete with all lot numbers and number sequences for each type. Comprehensive photographs of each type in service during this period are included and the author provides a concise guide to detail and design changes over time for each. An intelligently written account of the subject which complements the author's many earlier books very well. | ||||
| Yeadon's Register of LNER Locomotives vol 32 | Challenger | |||
| Book Law | £23.99 | 126 pages | Hardback | 2004 |
| The first "miscellany" volume in this illustrious series, whose publication is now drawing to a conclusion as mostly only additional information remains left to be published. This book covers the locos of 4-2-2, 2-2-4, 0-4-0 and 0-4-2 wheel arrangements and is consequently a curious and appealing "cocktail" - even for non devotees of the series or the LNER. The bulk of the book and its main strength is its depiction of the diminutive four coupled tanks that inhabited various nooks and crannies of the system, including the GER Y6 tram engines but excluding the Sentinels which are covered in volume 12. A wonderful collection of images and full biographical details of a truly motley group of steam driven contrivances. | ||||